Study Guide for Philosophy Test 2 for H01

Exam 2 to be drawn from the odd-numbered quiz questions in October
I've put all the quizzes since the first test together and the quizzes we all came up with for our presentations. It is all the presentations up until this Thursday, November 1. I couldn't find Sunny's though. Good luck!

M1/T2 - Skepticism, LH 3; Dickens, "Tramps" (JW); FL 17-18

1. What was the main teaching of skepticism? ("Scepticism" in Br. spelling)

2. How did Pyrrho feel about the senses? 

3. Where did Pyrrho visit as a young man and probably encounter influences for his philosophy?  

4. How did Pyrrho say you could become free from all worry? Does Warburton think this would work for most of us?

5. How does modern skepticism differ from its ancient predecessor?

6. What is the opposite of skepticism?

7.  What is a "favorite fiction" of the first "tramp" Dickens describes?

8. What does the "tramp" with the "perplexed demeanor" do with the money (half-a-crown) given to him? 

9. What theme park opened in Brooklyn at the turn of the 20th century?

10. Who was Robert Love Taylor and what did he lecture about?

11. What 1915 movie contributed to the growth of the KKK? 

12. What do southerners turn away from, according to The Mind of the South?

13. What was foolish, according to the modernist New Theology of the early 20th century?

14. How did Christian modernists reconcile scripture with science?

15. What happened in Dayton TN in the summer of 1925, and what did Clarence Darrow say about "what Tennessee had done"?

16. What was the "cultural impact" for each side of the Scopes trial?

W3/T4

LH 4-5 

1.    According to Epicurus, fear of death is based on what, and the best way to live is what?

2.    How is the modern meaning of "epicurean" different from Epicurus's?

3.    What famous 20th century philosopher echoed Epicurus's attitude towards death?

4. How did Epicurus respond to the idea of divine punishment in the afterlife?

5. What was the Stoics' basic idea, and what was their aim?

6. Why did Cicero think we shouldn't worry about dying?

7. Why didn't Seneca consider life too short?

8. What does the author say might be the cost of stoicism?

9. What gave Gissing peace while he was walking "penniless and miserable?"

10. What is it that "creates the world about us?"

FL 19-20

11. One writer of The Book of Progress likened the effect of a motion picture to the effect of what? 

12. Newspapers and magazines are the "first foundations" of what?

13. What two "fantasies" did the suburb satisfy?

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14. What two locations are described as invented paradises?

M8/T9 - Augustine, Boethius, Anselm, Aquinas LH 6-8; Morley, "Sauntering" (JW); FL 21.

LH

1. How did Augustine "solve" the problem of evil in his younger days, and then after his conversion to Christianity? Why wasn't it such a problem for him originally?

2. What does Boethius not mention about himself in The Consolation of Philosophy?

3. Boethius' "recollection of ideas" can be traced back to what philosopher?

4. What uniquely self-validating idea did Anselm say we have?

5. Gaunilo criticized Anselm's reasoning using what example?

6. What was Aquinas' 2nd Way?

JW

7. In light of his "city annotations," Morley compares himself to what famous author?

8. Morley's philosophy of people says that they are interesting mostly because of what? 

FL

9. By the end of the '50s how much TV did the average American watch?

10. Who was the Steve Jobs of his era?

11. Of what was Disneyland "more or less a replica"?

12. What fantasy did Hugh Hefner promote?

13. Who was our "ad hoc national Pastor-in-Chief"?

14. In the second year of Eisenhower's presidency (1954), what was inserted into the Pledge of Allegiance?

W/10/Th11 - Machiavelli, Hobbes, LH 9-10; Belloc, "The Brienzer Grat" (JW)FL 22.

LH
1. What did Machiavelli say a leader needs to have?

2. Machiavelli's philosophy is described as being "rooted" in what?

3. The idea that leaders should rule by fear is based on what view of human nature?

4. Life outside society would be what, according to Hobbes?

5. What fear influenced Hobbes' writings?

6. Hobbes did not believe in the existence of what?

JW7. Belloc says that "no one should attempt great efforts without" what?

8. Where does Belloc realize he is after the fog has cleared?

FL
9. Where was the New Age philosophy/lifestyle invented?

10. What central New Age tenet did Jane Roberts "channel," and from whom?

11. What "sudden and enthusiastic embrace" helped turn America into fantasyland?

12. What bestseller whose popularity announced the mainstreaming of fantastical beliefs did Andersen's mother read?

W17/Th18 - Montaigne, Descartes, & Pascal, LH 11-12; FL 23-24. 

1. What state of mind, belief, or knowledge was Descartes' Method of Doubt supposed to establish? OR, What did Descartes seek that Pyrrho spurned?

2. Did Descartes claim to know (at the outset of his "meditations") that he was not dreaming?

3. What strange and mythic specter did Gilbert Ryle compare to Descartes' dualism of mind and body? ("The ____ in the ______.")

4. Pascal's best-known book is _____.

5. Pascal's argument for believing in God is called ________.

6. Pascal thought if you gamble on God and lose, "you lose ______."

7. (T/F) By limiting his "wager" to a choice between either Christian theism or atheism, says Nigel Warburton, Pascal excludes too many other possible bets.

8. What was the "takeaway" for '60s academics who turned away from reason and rationalism?

9.  How did UCLA psychologist Charles Tart get tenure?

10. Tom Wolfe said the Jesus People of the '60s were what?

11. What bestselling "nonfiction" book by Hal Lindsey predicted the looming apocalypse?

12. Even though his basic religious beliefs were not much different from Pat Robertson's and Jerry Falwell's, _____ seemed moderate by comparison.

Spinoza, Locke, & Reid, LH 13-14; FL 25-26.

1. Spinoza's view, that God and nature (or the universe) are the same thing, is called _______.

2. If god is _____, there cannot be anything that is not god; if _____, god is indifferent to human beings.

3. Spinoza was a determinist, holding that _____ is an illusion.

4. According to John Locke, all our knowledge comes from _____; hence, the mind of a newborn is a ______.

5. Locke said _____ continuity establishes personal identity (bodily, psychological); Thomas Reid said identity relies on ______ memories, not total recall.

6. Locke's articulation of what natural rights influenced the U.S. Constitution?

7. What happened after the Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) adopted its founding document in 1962?

8. Who were our first gun rights absolutists?

9. When did Kurt Andersen realize fantasy would now rule pop culture?

10. What pharmacological development, "available everywhere by 1965," made sex less "real"?

11. Cosmetic surgery is linked to the start of what new "national fantasy?"

12. What did Sci-fi writer Phil Dick say that "fake realities will create?"

Berkeley, Voltaire & Leibniz, Hume, & Rousseau, LH 15-18;FL 27-28. 

1. What English poet declared that "whatever is, is right"?

2. What German philosopher, with his "Principle of Sufficient Reason," agreed with the poet?

3. What French champion of free speech and religious toleration wrote a satirical novel/play ridiculing the idea that everything is awesome?

4. What 1755 catastrophe deeply influenced Voltaire's philosophy?

5. What did Voltaire mean by "cultivating our garden"?

6. Was Voltaire an atheist?

7. (T/F) Hume thought the human eye so flawless in its patterned intricacy that, like Paley's watch, it constitutes powerful evidence of intelligent design.

8. (T/F) Hume's view was that it's occasionally more plausible to believe that a miracle (the unexplained suspension of a law of nature) has happened, than not.

9. Rousseau said we're born free but everywhere are in ____, but can liberate ourselves by submitting to what is best for the whole community, aka the _______.

10. Who pretended to slap and body-slam the head of the WWF on stage before entering politics?

11. At what annual event do adults go to the desert and dress up as unicorns, birds, mermaids, geishas etc.? 

12. What are the "two underlying Fantasyland features?"

13. Who was a hideous and tragic victim of "Kids 'R' Us Syndrome?

14. Andersen links widespread "images of fantastical sexuality" with what normalization? 

M29/T30 - Kant, Bentham, Hegel, Schopenhauer LH 19-23; FL 29-30

1. Kant said we can know the ____ but not the ____ world. 

2. What was Kant's great insight?

3. What, according to Kant, is irrelevant to morality?

4. Kant said you should never ___, because ___. Kant called the principle that supports this view the ____ _____.

5. Who formulated the Greatest Happiness principle? What did he call his method? Where can you find him today?

6. Who created a thought experiment that seems to refute Bentham's view of how pleasure relates to human motivation?

7. What did Hegel mean when he spoke of the "owl of Minerva"? What did he think had been reached in his lifetime?

8. What Kantian view did Hegel reject?

9. What is Geist? When did Hegel say it achieved self-knowledge?

10. What "blind driving force" did Schopenhauer allege to pervade absolutely everything (including us)?

11. What did Schopenhauer say could help us escape the cycle of striving and desire?

FL 29-30
12. For what American president was "the world of legend and myth a real world"?

13. What made it possible, beginning in the '90s, for "cockamamie ideas and outright falsehoods" to spread fast and wide?

14. What percentage of Americans say they never doubt the existence of God?

15. What was Augustine's instruction, 1,600 years ago?

PEER QUIZZES

Philosophy of King Solomon

1. What is the origin of the word “Qohelet” and what is the literal translation of the word?
2. What does Solomon say is the beginning of wisdom?
3. How many wives was Solomon said to have? How many concubines?
4. Solomon’s life seemed to be long on what, while also being short on what?
5. Solomon found understanding wisdom, folly, and madness to be what?

Confucianism

1.     When was Confucius born?

2.     What is the golden rule of Confucianism?

3.     What is one of the five principal relationships?

4.     Which principal relationship is still widely important in Eastern cultures?

5.     When Confucius died did he believe that his teachings had made an impact?

Aristotle and happiness

1. What did Aristotle believe was the purpose of life?

2.  How did Aristotle believe someone could be truly happy?

3. What is the Golden Mean?

4. Who did Aristotle believe happiness depended on?

Lao Tzu

1.    What does Lao Tzu translate to in English? 

2.    What is the name of the book that recorded Lao Tzu’s teachings and philosophical ideas? 

3.    Name one thought of Taoism. 

4.    What theory encourages non-action or the natural flow of things? 

5.     What is Lao Tzu’s philosophy? 

Zen Buddhism

1)     What is the form of meditation most used in Zen Buddhism called?

2)     What is the name of the “best” position of meditation?

3)     Zazen is insight into the nature of what?

4)     Your body, when it comes to breathing, is a what?

Sei Shonagon

1.    During what period was Sei Shonagon alive? 

2.    How many years did she serve in the imperial court? 

3.    What book did Sei Shonagon write? 

4.    What did she often find beauty in? 

5.    What feeling do most of Sei Shonagon’s entries leave the reader with? 

Jesus Christ

1.     What year, according to historians, was Jesus Christ born?

2.     How many days did it take for Jesus to resurrect from the dead according to the Bible?

3.     Jesus used many what to provide to help teach?

4.     According to Christ, what are the two most important commandments?

5.     Self-control is part of the “_______ of the ______”.

John Calvin 

1.             What was Calvin's most important work?

2.             What was one of Calvin's central beliefs?

3.             How did Calvin feel about philosophy?

4.             What city was Calvin forced to leave?

5.             What did Calvin study in college?

Martin Luther

1. At what age did Luther was become a delegate for the Catholic Church 

2.    What vow did Luther make in 1505?

3.    What date did Luther join the monastery? 

4.    What did Prince Fredrick III  Ban??

5.    What was the Psalm that enlightened Luther?

This I Believe

1.    What is one of the branches of success?

2.    What is one principle and its opposite that life is centered on?

3.    What is autosuggestion?

4.    What is the most important step we can take towards our intrapersonal success?

5.    What philosopher guides my interpersonal views of effectiveness?

6.    What is much more effective than independent effort?

Philosophy Under the Sea!

1. Which philosopher does Joseph J. Foy compare SpongeBob SquarePants to?

2. Aristotle believes we can only be truly happy by doing what?

3. Which philosopher is Patrick Star compared to?

4. How does John Stuart Mill categorize pleasure? Which view does Patrick best fit according to Foy?

5. Who is the Squidward of philosophy?

6.    How do Schopenhauer and Squidward, "temporarily escape the miserable existence that life is"? 

Steve Jobs

1.     In what year was Steve Jobs born?

2.     Did Jobs attend college?

3.     What did he often describe himself as?

4.     Jobs said that death is the “_____ ____ _______ of ______”

5.     What saying does he not necessarily believe in?

6.     What was the “single best thing that could have ever happened to him?”

Twin Peaks
 1.) What is the place that Cooper hopes to reach in order to gain information on Laura’s murder?

 2.) To be successful in coming to know oneself by way of the Black Lodge, you must be pure of what and sure in who?

 3.) In what text does it say that coming to know oneself will allow one to fulfill all desires?

 4.) What book is a guide for souls in the afterlife?

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