Final Exam Study Guide

Hi everyone,

I have assembled the final exam study guide. I hope this will be of help to you as you prepare for the final exam. Please note that I have included my answers with each question with applicable page numbers, BUT  there is NO guarantee they will provide the precise information the questions solicit or, more importantly, will be meaningful and instructive. Please revisit the relevant text, for the correct context and real understanding.

Final Exam

June Quizzes -  double digit even numbered:

June 12 Quiz
10. What important consequence followed from Frege's logical distinction between reference and sense?

 A reinterpretation of Leibniz’s Law. That synonymous expressions should be interchangeable in all contexts was henceforth understood as holding only for reference. (21-22).
12. How do Buddhists and western philosophers both agree and differ with respect to inquiry and our attempts to discover truths about the world? Like Western thinkers, Buddhist philosophers grapple with the problem of how cognition, language, and the world are related; however, they do not proceed from the assumptions that its secrets are for us to uncover. Western philosophers emphasize the individual, Buddhists philosophers do not. (25).
14. Why do ethnic and cultural identities persist?

Because people want them, they exist. (29).
16. In what different directions have Singapore and China gone, with respect to ethnic integration and division?

Singapore created more inclusive categories reducing the races into four groups, while China expanded four groups into fifty-six officially recognized ethnic minorities. Singapore has been successful in avoiding community strife. (33).
18. Who is Sadiq Khan, and what demographic trend does he personify?

Sadiq Khan is the Mayor of London. He is the son of a working-class British Pakistani family. The trend has made Western societies temper ethnocentrism and stereotyping. (37).

June 19 Quiz

10. What has come to supersede class as a determiner of social identity in the past several decades? Lifestyle and consumption patterns came to supersede class as a determiner of social identity. (69).

12. What are the two kinds of stigmas? Visible and invisible. (76).

14. What goal for 2030 has the U.N. declared? To provide everybody on earth with a legal identity by 2030. (82).

16. "Digital natives" touch their smartphones how often? More than 1,000 times a day on the average. (88).

June 26 Quiz

10. What does "Faust" mean, and how is it appropriately ambiguous? In German, Faust (‘fist’) stands for wrath and brute force; in Latin, however, Faustus means ‘happy’. (118).

12. Students of _____ unmasked _____. Stylometry  the Italian bestseller novelist Elena Ferrante. (125).

14. What do "identity apostles" most fear? That identity borders are fluid and shifting. (129).

July Quizzes -  single digit odd numbered:

July 3 Quiz

1. How did Appiah's parents meet? His mother was working for Racial Unity, an organization working for racial harmony supporting colonial students. His father was a law student who was an anti-colonial activist from the Gold Coast. (xii).
3. How does our contemporary understanding of identity differ from George Eliot's? Contemporary identities are shared often with millions of others. They are social. Eliot viewed them as utterly particular and personal. (3).
5. What common belief about Jains is false? That they wear the muhapatti. (A white cloth to avoid killing insects by ingesting them). (12).
7. What's new about parochial labeling like "the English are best" etc.? Thinking of diverse sorts of labels as the same thing. (21).
9. When/how are we more likely to essentialize others? We are more likely to accept a generic claim about a group if what it says is something negative or worrying. We are more likely to essentialize groups about which we have negative thoughts and more likely to have negative thoughts about groups we’ve essentialized. (28).

July 10 Quiz

1. When Europeans used labels like "German" and "Italian" in the 19th century, what were they thinking about? (72) Individual with a language, culture, and traditions in common.

3. Romantics at the end of the 18th century were entranced by who and what? (82) Military exploits of Napoleon and the creative genius of Beethoven, Byron, and Goethe and the songs and stories of ordinary women and men.

5. How did many of the former British and French colonies avoid linguistic/ethnic conflict? (93) They chose to stick with the colonial language.

7. What's the Medussa Syndrome? (97) What the state gazes upon turns to stone.

9. What did Italo Svevo embody? What false dilemma ("forced choice") does his legacy allow us to reject? (104) Tolerance, pluralism, self-questioning, cosmopolitan modernity. We don’t have to accept the forced choice between globalism and patriotism.

July 17 Quiz

1. Who was Michael Young? One of the central figures in the development of sociology in Britain. He spent much of his life exploring class in the country in which he was born. (140).

3. What does our Constitution declare about titles and nobility? No title of nobility shall be granted by the United States. (149).

5. In the middle class, Appiah says, the key elements of status have above all had to do with what? A style of speech and behavior – the habitus – that came from education. (159).

7. How did professors, mayors, physicians, and lawyers rank in a 2012 survey of occupational prestige? They rank above working and middle class. (169).

9. Who was Virginia Woolf's "Judith"? Shakespeare’s sister. (182).

July 24 Quiz

1. Tarver argues that sports fandom in the U.S. creates and reinforces what? Individual and community identities. (2).

3. The term "fan" originated in what geographic locale? Midwest. (12).

5. Dreyfus and Kelly compare fandom to what? A religious experience. (35).

7. Who said being adequately masculine requires strenuousness? William James. (37).

July 31 Quiz

1. Name an example of fan-base "fracturing" that defies shared regional identity.

3. What's the function of a mascot?

5. Tarver says treating people as mascots does what to them?

7. What does the autobiographical experience of young Malcolm Little (specifically the interaction with his favorite teacher) tell us about being "loved as a mascot"?

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Addendum. Here's the glossary of exam answers, if you'd like to study Jeopardy-style. Twenty questions, all of whose answers are embedded here. (No questions from Frankfurt's "On Bullshit"-but I hope you'll read it and post something about it in relation to identity & truth.) jpo

above, Anglo-American, beliefs,  below, borders, Buddhist, China, class, condescending, cosmopolitanism, cultural, customs, Charles Dickens, George Eliot, ethnic, European, familiar, fracturing, Frege, gender, Ghanaians, habitus, homeland, identities, identity, income, Islamic, Jains, Karachi, Lahore, language, laws, Leibniz, London, Malcolm X, mascot, Medussa, midwest, Muslims, nationalism, nationality, negative, nobility, passport, patriotism, positive, prejudicial, pretensions, protectionism, Quakers, race, Russell, self-aggrandizing, Singapore, south, Anthony Trollope, traditions, truth, visa, H.G. Wells, west, Michael Young, 100; 500; 1,000