Study Guide, exam 2

October 2019. The exam will be based on odd-numbered quiz questions.

1. What was the main teaching of skepticism? ("Scepticism" in Br. spelling)

2. How did Pyrrho feel about the senses? 

3. Where did Pyrrho visit as a young man and probably encounter influences for his philosophy?  

4. How did Pyrrho say you could become free from all worry? Does Warburton think this would work for most of us?

5. How does modern skepticism differ from its ancient predecessor?

6. What is the opposite of skepticism?

7.  What is a "favorite fiction" of the first "tramp" Dickens describes?

8. What does the "tramp" with the "perplexed demeanor" do with the money (half-a-crown) given to him? 

9. What theme park opened in Brooklyn at the turn of the 20th century?

10. Who was Robert Love Taylor and what did he lecture about?

11. What 1915 movie contributed to the growth of the KKK? 

12. What do southerners turn away from, according to The Mind of the South?

13. What was foolish, according to the modernist New Theology of the early 20th century?

14. How did Christian modernists reconcile scripture with science?

15. What happened in Dayton TN in the summer of 1925, and what did Clarence Darrow say about "what Tennessee had done"?

16. What was the "cultural impact" for each side of the Scopes trial?

LH 4-5 

1. According to Epicurus, fear of death is based on what, and the best way to live is what?

2. How is the modern meaning of "epicurean" different from Epicurus's?

3. What famous 20th century philosopher echoed Epicurus's attitude towards death?

4. How did Epicurus respond to the idea of divine punishment in the afterlife?

5. What was the Stoics' basic idea, and what was their aim?

6. Why did Cicero think we shouldn't worry about dying?

7. Why didn't Seneca consider life too short?

8. What does the author say might be the cost of stoicism?

JW

9. What gave Gissing peace while he was walking "penniless and miserable?"

10. What is it that "creates the world about us?"

FL 19-20

11. One writer of The Book of Progress likened the effect of a motion picture to the effect of what? 

12. Newspapers and magazines are the "first foundations" of what?

13. What two "fantasies" did the suburb satisfy?

14. What two locations are described as invented paradises?

LH

1. How did Augustine "solve" the problem of evil in his younger days, and then after his conversion to Christianity? Why wasn't it such a problem for him originally?

2. What does Boethius not mention about himself in The Consolation of Philosophy?

3. Boethius' "recollection of ideas" can be traced back to what philosopher?

4. What uniquely self-validating idea did Anselm say we have?

5. Gaunilo criticized Anselm's reasoning using what example?

6. What was Aquinas' 2nd Way?

JW

7. In light of his "city annotations," Morley compares himself to what famous author?

8. Morley's philosophy of people says that they are interesting mostly because of what? 

FL

9. By the end of the '50s how much TV did the average American watch?

10. Who was the Steve Jobs of his era?

11. Of what was Disneyland "more or less a replica"?

12. What fantasy did Hugh Hefner promote?

13. Who was our "ad hoc national Pastor-in-Chief"?

14. In the second year of Eisenhower's presidency (1954), what was inserted into the Pledge of Allegiance?

LH
1. What did Machiavelli say a leader needs to have?

2. Machiavelli's philosophy is described as being "rooted" in what?

3. The idea that leaders should rule by fear is based on what view of human nature?

4. Life outside society would be what, according to Hobbes?

5. What fear influenced Hobbes' writings?

6. Hobbes did not believe in the existence of what?

JW
7. Belloc says that "no one should attempt great efforts without" what?

8. Where does Belloc realize he is after the fog has cleared?

FL
9. Where was the New Age philosophy/lifestyle invented?

10. What central New Age tenet did Jane Roberts "channel," and from whom?

11. What "sudden and enthusiastic embrace" helped turn America into fantasyland?

12. What bestseller whose popularity announced the mainstreaming of fantastical beliefs did Andersen's mother read?

1. What state of mind, belief, or knowledge was Descartes' Method of Doubt supposed to establish? OR, What did Descartes seek that Pyrrho spurned?

2. Did Descartes claim to know (at the outset of his "meditations") that he was not dreaming?

3. What strange and mythic specter did Gilbert Ryle compare to Descartes' dualism of mind and body? ("The ____ in the ______.")

4. Pascal's best-known book is _____.

5. Pascal's argument for believing in God is called ________.

6. Pascal thought if you gamble on God and lose, "you lose ______."

7. (T/F) By limiting his "wager" to a choice between either Christian theism or atheism, says Nigel Warburton, Pascal excludes too many other possible bets.

8. What was the "takeaway" for '60s academics who turned away from reason and rationalism?

9.  How did UCLA psychologist Charles Tart get tenure?

10. Tom Wolfe said the Jesus People of the '60s were what?

11. What bestselling "nonfiction" book by Hal Lindsey predicted the looming apocalypse?

12. Even though his basic religious beliefs were not much different from Pat Robertson's and Jerry Falwell's, _____ seemed moderate by comparison.

1. Spinoza's view, that God and nature (or the universe) are the same thing, is called _______.

2. If god is _____, there cannot be anything that is not god; if _____, god is indifferent to human beings.

3. Spinoza was a determinist, holding that _____ is an illusion.

4. According to John Locke, all our knowledge comes from _____; hence, the mind of a newborn is a ______.

5. Locke said _____ continuity establishes personal identity (bodily, psychological); Thomas Reid said identity relies on ______ memories, not total recall.

6. Locke's articulation of what natural rights influenced the U.S. Constitution?

7. What happened after the Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) adopted its founding document in 1962?

8. Who were our first gun rights absolutists?

9. When did Kurt Andersen realize fantasy would now rule pop culture?

10. What pharmacological development, "available everywhere by 1965," made sex less "real"?

11. Cosmetic surgery is linked to the start of what new "national fantasy?"

12. What did Sci-fi writer Phil Dick say that "fake realities will create?"

1. What English poet declared that "whatever is, is right"?

2. What German philosopher, with his "Principle of Sufficient Reason," agreed with the poet?

3. What French champion of free speech and religious toleration wrote a satirical novel/play ridiculing the idea that everything is awesome?

4. What 1755 catastrophe deeply influenced Voltaire's philosophy?

5. What did Voltaire mean by "cultivating our garden"?

6. Was Voltaire an atheist?

7. (T/F) Hume thought the human eye so flawless in its patterned intricacy that, like Paley's watch, it constitutes powerful evidence of intelligent design.

8. (T/F) Hume's view was that it's occasionally more plausible to believe that a miracle (the unexplained suspension of a law of nature) has happened, than not.

9. Rousseau said we're born free but everywhere are in ____, but can liberate ourselves by submitting to what is best for the whole community, aka the _______.

10. Who pretended to slap and body-slam the head of the WWF on stage before entering politics?

11. At what annual event do adults go to the desert and dress up as unicorns, birds, mermaids, geishas etc.? 

12. What are the "two underlying Fantasyland features?"

13. Who was a hideous and tragic victim of "Kids 'R' Us Syndrome?

14. Andersen links widespread "images of fantastical sexuality" with what normalization?