Up@dawn 2.0

Thursday, January 24, 2013

H01 Group 4: Julian Savulescu on "Yuk!"


When we began our discussion, we talked about food. People have an initial reaction to certain foods. For instance, some people prefer donuts, or pretty much anything, over vegetables. Is this disgust with said food item because of our aversion toward trying new things? People are biased and our instincts are there for a reason, whether brought on by biology or tradition. Is our instinct always right? As said by one floater, we rationalize our prejudice, slavery during the 1800s being the prime example. Is our issue with boundaries, rather than the yuk factor? Perhaps we use “Yuk!” as a way of getting around doing something.

A discussion question was asked: what issues give you the yuk factor? Abortion and cannibalism seemed to be prime topics. In regards to a plane crash, people resort to cannibalism to survive. The intent is what is disturbing, not the act, which parallels with what Socrates said. Immoral and deceitful are not the same thing: stealing a knife, a deceitful act, to save a friend’s life is moral. We concluded that there is always a gray area. It is not always black and white; rather, yuk is too generalized. Our reaction needs to be evaluated on a case by case basis. We cannot over analyze all of our instincts. On the contrary, we cannot base everything we do off our instincts.
 

DQ: A child is fascinated by a spider until seeing the reaction of someone else. How much of the yuk factor is a learned behavior? How much of what our instincts tell us are based on societal norms and what we observe on a daily basis?

(posted by Larissa Wolf)

13 comments:

  1. This discussion kind of goes along with a little of what my group was talking about. We often have to live by example to determine how we feel about a subject. The Yuk factor could be determined through an example of how a peer reacts to something. There are a lot of gray areas in Philosophy.

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  2. I enjoyed joining in on your conversation as I found the Yuk! chapter of Philosophy Bites fascinating.
    You mentioned a plane crash leading to cannibalism and how that encompasses the "yuk" factor. Does a plane crash in general have that same element? Do death and destruction always incite in us a sense of "yuk" or do they fall mostly into that grey area? In terms of abortion, I feel like that's a much more sensitive issue than, say, incest or cannibalism. We make jokes about incest (not to touch on another sensitive issue, but it is a fact that there are more states in the US where marrying your first cousin is legal than there are states that allow gay marriage). Cannibalism seems to be the perfect ingredient in any psychological thriller that seeks to include an element of gore (any of the Hannibal Lecter movies, for instance --> http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iVlkZVAw8Gc) But when we think of abortion or other more sensitive matters, these are more often only alluded to in pop culture.
    In this manner, I think the "yucky" things we see most often utilized in pop culture are those that could also be classified as phobias (cannibals, anything creepy crawly or that belongs on Fear Factor). I think the line is drawn when humans begin to attempt to "play God," as it were. Things like abortion, physician assisted euthanasia, cloning, etc. We abhor the idea of Dr. Frankensteins, who "tinker" with human life as if it were nothing more than an experiment.

    Discussion question: Are there different categories when it comes to Yuk? Is is wise to continue using such a, well, juvenile term to describe our emotions when it comes to both repulsive and sensitive issues?

    Factual Question: What makes Julian Savulescu say "yuk?"

    Link: http://philosophynow.org/issues/29/The_Yuck_Factor
    The Yuck Factor

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  3. Whenever i feel or say the words "yuk" or "gross" it is my instincts telling me that something is abnormally putrid. Whether it be insects, a combination of foods, blood and gore, my instincts cannot not relate to what is happenning. However, not everybody has the same instincts, so how do we rationalize or justify something as putrid or disgusting? I believe that simple logic and different lifestyles have formed societies predetermined notions of what is gross and what is not.

    Discussion Question: How do we determine what "yukky" action is tolerable and which action is too "yukky"?

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  4. Check out my video response to your post at:

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qlzLbohyglQ

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    1. What a neat idea Andrew!It's like your physically there contributing to our conversation! Kudos to you! (:

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  5. Great summary for our group Larissa! When someone sees something or thinks about an idea that causes them to say yuk, is it really something that is proven yuk or is it a predetermined assumption that it is yuk? What I believe is that some people do not really know if something is truly yuk until they prove it. Yes, this is something that is hard for us to do (especially for me). This could be from predetermined assumptions that you learned from your parents/guardians, society, or other places. Also, the yuk could come from unpleasant experiences that you have been involved with.

    You also make a good point about the "Yuk" factor is a way to get out of different situations. I agree with this statement. For example, I do not like green vegetables at all! Have I tried them? Well, the answer is no. Therefore, when someone asks me if I want a vegetable that is green I always say, "Yuk! No, I do not like that." With that answer I am able to get out of eating the green vegetable without any rebuttals. (Excellent point Larissa!)

    DQ: How do you exactly prove something is Yuk? Is there a universal way of doing this without trying it?

    FQ: What are two issues that Julian Savulescu points out in Philosophy Bites that we need to go beyond our "Yuk!" reactions?

    A: Changing human biology and radical advances in biological science

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  6. Keaton Davis11:31 PM CST

    I agree that our Yuk Factor should be trusted — but it should be able to defend itself. When we attempt to process a situation with nothing but our initial emotional response, we are utilizing only a portion of the tools given to us. We have the ability to reason through things with logic, using our knowledge and experience, as well as that of others. They all work together, leading us to a conclusion concerning a particular idea or circumstance. If we disregard one or more of our problem-solving senses, we are as bad off as if we arbitrarily decided to stop using our ears or our eyes to analyze the world around us.

    There is a show called Total Blackout, and the premise is to have contestants in a dark room (who would have thought?) and touch/smell/taste things to guess what they are. They are even required to complete entire tasks without sight. They believe they are touching one thing when it is in fact something entirely different. They are allowing a couple senses to paint a picture of a lie. Even though they have the use of all their other senses, the lack of one sense, sight, renders them incapable of completing any task with confidence.

    Likewise, we should take into consideration our Yuk Factor (emotional response) along with our logic, reasoning, and perception of outside occurrences. We should not let one overrule the others (or throw one out), because we will just get a distorted view of what is really in front of us.

    DQ: What problem-solving sense do you most often disregard when presented with new information?

    FQ: Which famous psychologist kept pushing people to defend their use of a specific Yuk Factor until the only reason they had left was, "Because it's just GROSS!"
    FA: Jonathan Haidt

    Link: Total Blackout clip! This show cracks me UP. And it's hosted by Steve Urkel. Can it get any better? I think not.
    http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=14bBpZehh7M

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    1. I like this FQ, Keaton!

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    2. Excellent reply, Keaton.

      "We have the ability to reason through things with logic, using our knowledge and experience, as well as that of others."

      My concern when it comes to anyone reasoning anything about their YUK factor is that that yuk-bias can cause very biased results when using logic. And, many of our YUK things that are needlessly YUK (such as, say, eating animals that aren't cows or pigs), are completely cultural based, so using our "experience, as well as that of others" can prove to be very unhelpful when trying to justify if our YUK reaction is valid and should be upheld--or not.

      So, DQ: how can one ensure that their defense process of the YUK is valid?

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    3. Keaton Davis9:24 PM CST

      I appreciate your point Matthew. What I was getting at in my statement you quoted is that when faced with a situation (not necessarily the reason behind our Yuk Factor), we use others’ and our knowledge and experience to assess it. You were not saying we should not trust anyone's experiences when trying to make heads and tails of a particular circumstance; you were speaking strictly of our own Yuk Factor, correct? My post discussed using our Yuk Factor as one of our senses to approach a situation.

      However, I will say - and this relates to my group's discussion of our Yuk Factor - that each situation/problem is unique, which makes both its conclusion and the way we arrive at that conclusion singular in its own sense. For example, if I want to know if I should go to a particular restaurant, I look it up online and read the patron reviews. It would be unwise to base my whole opinion of the restaurant on the first review I see. It could be unnecessarily negative or positive. I would have to compare it to other reviews and see if it lines up with the general consensus of the quality of the restaurant. To get to the point of my response to you, I think one experience should not be taken as the end all solution to a problem, but it should be considered in the context of many other experiences. You just have to try to get the opinions of as diverse a crowd as possible on the topic; I would get a pretty misguided review on the quality of a BBQ joint if I asked only Jewish people how they enjoyed the pulled pork.

      Also, I am a little confused by what you mean when you say that, when "reasoning anything" about our Yuk Factor, our "yuk-bias can cause very biased results when using logic." Do you mean it is impossible to objectively justify our Yuk Factor because our Yuk Factor will get in the way? To me, if we use logic to justify (or debunk) it, we are removing the Yuk Factor from our reasoning; it would be best to momentarily ignore the opinion of a subject when it is the one in question. I agree that it is easy to cling to our Yuk Factor, but I also believe it is possible and necessary to let it go just long enough to determine why we hold it so firmly.

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  7. Nicely said Larissa!

    I think we had some good discussions on this topic, especially with the viewpoints our floaters brought in. I think one of the key things we noted about Savalescu was that he stood pretty firmly with his belief that we should rationalize every one of our personal YUK factors to see why it is there. When he was asked what his Yuk factors were, he still tried to think it through! However something’s you just CANNOT explain! Some things just get you, and you can’t see past it. He also harped on the importance of self-examination. WHY is it that we feel yuk towards these things? I thought that this was important. When we hear things about others, or we see somebody different (disabled, gay, deformed, etc) we have automatic feelings towards them. Is it because of how we were raised? An experience? What we were taught? Savalescu said it is important we are aware of these biases we possess when looking at a situation.

    DQ: What is your view on the idea of stopping humans from falling out of love and making mutant mice?

    FQ: What was one of the Yuk factors of Savalescu?
    Answer: Cannibalism (German Cannibalism Cases)

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  8. Erin Paul2:39 PM CST

    I enjoyed reading the "Yuk!" chapter by Julian Savulescu. It was interesting to discuss what issues gave us that initial reaction and why. I do believe that we have that gut "Yuk!" feeling for a reason and we should take that into consideration. However, I also believe that we can't just stop there. That's the easy way out and is ultimately being very ignorant. We need to really consider why our initial bias is there: bad experience, parents think that way, religious beliefs, and so on. We need to add some reason into it and think logically if our initial idea is the right one or the one we want to stick with. That way if and when we are faced with that situation personally or questioned about our belief on a specific topic, we will have an answer.

    We also discussed taking issues by a case by case basis. I believe this is extremely important. For example, we discussed abortion a little bit. This is a topic that does give me a "Yuk!" reaction because I am pro-life. I value life as something created by God for a purpose. I believe that life begins at conception, so abortion, to me, is murder. I don't believe it is okay in any circumstances. However, I have never been faced with any of those really hard decisions: rape, pregnancy complications, birth defects and such. So I can't say I know what it is like. Therefore, I do not judge mothers who abort their babies nor do I have a "Yuk!" reaction with them personally. I think that it's very important that when issues do give us the "Yuk!" reaction, it is simply towards the issue and not the people because we are not in their shoes.

    DQ: Do you think our society would be as interested in sports if they did turn into a technology competition? What is your opinion on sports/athlete enhancement?

    FQ:What two obvious arguments does Michael Sandel use against athlete enhancement?
    Safety and fairness

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  9. I think society would still watch for the sake of observing a spectacle, but the general population would soon tire of watching a game in which the human element of surprise and athletic sportsmanship is absent. Part of the enjoyment in watching sports is the awe we have towards the prowess that each athlete displays.
    In relation to the foremost post on the Yuk factor, our group (Philosoraptors) discussed moral relativity today, and the Yuk factor was a reoccuring theme. Its interesting how we can have moral dogmas that aren't backed up with any logical reasoning or thought. I like Larissa's DQ post about the child that observes other individual reactions to spiders and then mimics their revulsion as a learned behavior. I definitely think that this hypothesis holds weight, as humans are very impressionable creatures, and we are especially influenced by the idiosyncrasies of our parents. For example, my mother is terrified of spiders, as am I.

    DQ: Group Three talked a lot about where we as humans should draw the line on when it is acceptable to intercede on someones behalf in a moral dilemma. The example used was if someone is in an abusive relationship, at what point does a friend gain the moral responsibility to impose their will to protect their friend? A general consensus was reached that at the point of psychological abuse, a friend should warn and advise against such a relationship verbally, but once the abuse turns physical, so to should the friend physically remove the friend from the situation. What are everyone's thoughts towards that?

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